The earliest ultrasonic generators consisted simply of a frequency generator which, in turn, excited a power amplifier capable of operating at the ultrasonic frequency to power the ultrasonic transducers. This is not unlike typical high fidelity sound reproduction systems but with a fixed frequency signal generator replacing the music source. Since characteristics of ultrasonic transducers vary depending several factors including temperature, tank depth and parts loading, this method of driving ultrasonic transducers was dependant on an operator to select the proper frequency and driving power. Although there were (and are) devices that are able to detect the efficiency of energy delivery from an electrical circuit, “tuning,” as it was called then, was often based on nothing more sophisticated than listening to the sound (consisting of subharmonics of the ultrasonic frequency) produced by the cleaning system.
Ultrasonic generators today are “smart.” They are often able to obtain feedback from the transducers which allows them to adjust frequency and power output to maintain maximum ultrasonic cleaning effect. Ultrasonic generators also have the ability to provide customized variations in waveform to maximize the ultrasonic cleaning effect while minimizing the possibility of damage to the parts being cleaned.
In an ultrasonic cleaning system, the device that provides the electrical energy to power the ultrasonic transducers is known as the ultrasonic “generator.” Basically, the ultrasonic generator converts electrical energy received from the power line into electrical energy with the proper frequency, voltage and amperage to power or “drive” the ultrasonic transducers. In most cases, the power line provides “Alternating Current” or AC at a voltage of 100 to 250 Volts and at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz depending on location. The power requirements for driving ultrasonic transducers vary but, in general, the ultrasonic generator needs to provide the transducer with a signal at the frequency of intended operation and (usually) at a voltage significantly higher than that delivered from the power line.
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